What are Nucleotides ? : Structure of DNA and Nucleotides

Structure of DNA

Some Key Notes and An Introduction to the Structure of DNA

And some key words and terms about/related with DNA

Nucleotids:

The genetic informations that the cell uses to reproduce itself are being coded and have carried by DNA. => This situation is strongly related with the molecullar structure of DNA.

DNA is a polymer that consist of the long chains of monomers that called; nucleotides

Each nucleotides includes: a sugar, a Nitrogenous Base and a Phosphate Group. It can be said that the nucleotids are consists of these parts.

The Sugar Molecule is a sugar which called as 5 carbon 2’- deoxyribose. This means, the sugar present in the DNA, is 2’deoxyribose, a five carbon monosaccharide, which is devoid of oxygen in its 2′ position, hence the name deoxyribonucleic acid.

There are four type of bases:

Adenin

Guanin are some purins (which means they have 2 rings) which includes 2 carbon-nitrojen rings.

Timin

Stozin are primidins (which means they only have 1 ring.) which includes 1 … rings ?

Bases are attached to the first carbon molecule of deoxyribose.

It is called Nucleosit, when a sugar and a base attached/linked to each others

Nucleotides have one, two or three phospathe groups which attached to the 5’ carbones of sugar.

Nucleotides may exist one by one or may exists as polymerazed as DNA and RNA

Nucleotides:

Nucleotides are components of DNA

The genetic informations that the cell uses to reproduce itself are being coded and have carried by DNA. => This situation is strongly related with the molecullar structure of DNA.

DNA is a polymer that consist of the long chains of monomers that called; nucleotides

DNA molecule can be called as a polynucleotide.

Each Nucleotides are consists of three main parts:

-Sugar

-A base (which is, ring shaped and including nitrogen) – A ring shaped base

-A Phosphate group

The Sugar Included in DNA: A penthose with 5 carbon that called: 2’ deoksiriboz

The Sugar Included in DNA: named as 2’ deoxyribose ==>> A penthose with 5 carbon

2’ deoxyribose: takes a shape with the replacement of the Hydrogen, which had placed at 2nd carbon on the ribose, with the OH groups

The Carbon Atoms inside of the Sugar : are being numered from 1 to 5.

The number of carbon atoms: are being showed as and written together with (‘) . So in this way the carbon atoms can be noticable than the other carbon atoms in the Base.

Numbering is important: because: It shows us where the other components of the nucleotides joins with the sugar.

To see where the other components (of nucleotides) and sugar connects with each others.

Each Nucleotides Includes: One of the Four Bases

These are;

Adenine

Guanine

Timine

Cytosine

These bases are ring shaped, complex molecules: which includes Carbon and Nitrogen

Adenine

And are Purins which includes two carbon-nitrogen rings.

Guanine

Cytosine

And are Primidins which includes one rings

Timine

Bases linked to the Sugar ; with the 1st Carbon of Sugar

At Purins: with the Nitrogen at 9th position

At Primidins: with the connection at 1st position between Nitrogen.

It is called Nucleosit: When a sugar and a base linked to each others

Nucleotides includes phosphate group (PO4) that links with the 5’ carbone of sugar.

When the phosphate group linked to sugar, nucleosit is being called nucleotide.

This connectivity may come from the unification of (various) one, two or three phosphate groups.

Phosphate groups are being named as a, B and y;

a directly links to sugar

Nucleotides may exist in cells as unique molecules (nucleotid triphosphates play a significant role in cells as energy transmittors for enzymatic reactions.) or polymerized nucleic acids (DNA or RNA).

So it may be called as; the nucleotides are some natural buildings(building blocks) of monomers which contributes the structure of DNA that is a consists of long chains of monomers that is called nucleotides.

Resources:

Genetics, BIOS INSTANT NOTES, Fourth Edition, Hugh Fletcher&Ivor Hickey